WHAT STORIES DOES EUROPE TELL? A VIEW FROM TURKEY. CES Open Forum Series 2018-2019 CES Open Forum Series 2018-2019

Turkey’s omnipresence at the margins of Europe throughout history has given shape to both Turkish and European identities. This paper sheds light onto this relationship by endeavoring to go beyond the much studied institutional relationship between Turkey and the European Union (EU). It focuses on three critical historical moments, namely the interwar years, the years of labor migration after 1960, and the period after 2004 which began with the failure of the United Nations proposal to settle the Cyprus dispute. While the image of the Turk was long viewed as the nemesis of Europe, there was a change in mutual perceptions during the inter-war years thanks to the efforts of political leaders who were keen on initiating societal reforms and change their minds after listening to one another. The years of labor migration after 1960 had set the stage for mutual encounters and interwoven lives. This period diversified the stories of Europe in a dramatic way. The third critical moment involved the concomitant crises of Turkey and the EU after 2004 when Turkey’s membership in the EU finally seemed probable

Political participation from a citizenship perspective

Conventional academic studies on political participation mostly focus on electoral politics including electoral systems, political party structures and their interaction with other governmental processes. These studies adopt an approach that presumes the existence of a pre-defined people (demos). Hence, existing literature on electoral politics and government structures take for granted a pre-defined demos and then survey participatory practices. Yet, there is another way to study political participation. It can be studied from the angle of citizenship. This involves an approach that does not rely on an ex post facto interest in the activities of a pre-defined demos but one that unravels the factors that go into its definition. Study of political participation from a citizenship perspective contains an effort to problematize the very notion of demos. Decoupling of national identity and participation empowers a vision of citizenship not as membership in a nation-state but as a set of rights that include multi-cultural rights. It is the contention of this article that European Union processes have the potential to contribute to the deepening of democratization by promoting diversity through introduction of denationalization of citizenship as well as processes of deliberation in member and candidate countries

Türk okul çocuklarında ağrı özellikleri

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı akut ağrı şikayeti ile sağlık ofisine başvuran Türk okul çocuklarında ağrının özelliklerini, cinsiyet göre farkını ve günlük yaşam aktiviteleri üzerine etkisini değerlendirmektir. Yöntem: Bu çalışma İstanbul’daki bir devlet ilköğretim okulunda 467 (302 kız, 165 erkek) okul çocuğu üzerinde tanımlayıcı olarak yapılmıştır. Veriler Eylül 2007- Haziran 2008 tarihleri arasında Ağrı Değerlendirme Formu ve Sayısal Ağrı Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Ağrı Değerlendirme Formu ağrının yeri, şiddeti, kalitesi, ağrıya eşlik eden semptomlar, ağrının günlük yaşam aktiviteleri üzerine etkisi ve sosyo-demografik özelliklere ilişkin sorulardan oluşturulmuştur. Bulgular: 1200 okul çocuğundan 467’si (%39) ağrı şikâyeti ile sağlık ofisine başvurdu. Ağrı şikâyeti dördüncü, altıncı sınıflarda ve toplamda kızlarda erkeklere göre daha yüksek bulundu. Ağrı yeri olarak en çok baş ve karın bölgesi bildirildi. Ortalama ağrı şiddeti 5.8 (±2.2) bulundu. Okul çocukları ağrının konsantrasyonlarını, sosyal ilişkilerini, fiziksel aktivitelerini ve uykularını olumsuz yönde etkilediğini bildirdiler. Sonuç: Çalışmamız okulda ağrı yönetimi programlarının geliştirilmesine yönelik olarak ağrının okul çocukları üzerine etkisini, etiyolojisini, özelliklerini ve insidansını incelemeyi amaçlayan ileriki çalışmalara bir temel oluşturabilir

Üniversite öğrencilerinin yeme tutumu, öz-etkililik ve etkileyen faktörler

Amaç: Bu araştırma üniversite öğrencilerinde yeme tutumu, öz-etkililik ve etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Yöntem: Bu tanımlayıcı araştırma 525 üniversite öğrencisi ile yürütüldü. Veriler tanıtıcı form, yeme tutumu testi (YTT-40) ve öz-etkililik-yeterlik ölçeği ile toplandı. Verilerin değerlendirmesinde, tanımlayıcı istatistikler, ki-kare analizi, Mann-Whitney U testi, Spearman korelasyon analizi ve lojistik regresyon analizi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Öğrencilerin YTT-40 puan ortalaması 17.91±11.10’idi. Kız öğrencilerin YTT puan ortalaması (18.67±11.30) erkek öğrencilerden (16.79±10.73) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı yüksekti (z=-2.39, p=0.01). YTT puanı 30’un üstünde olan öğrenci oranı 18-19 yaş grubunda %7.1, 20-21 yaş grubunda %10.9, 22-24 yaş grubunda ise %17.6 olarak bulundu (x²=7.732; p<0.05). Yeme bozukluğu riski, aşırı kilolu / obez olan öğrencilerde normal kilolu olanlara göre 2 kat daha fazla, zayıf olanlarda ise normal kilolu öğrencilere göre 2.9 kat daha düşük bulundu. YTT puanı 30, 30’un üstünde ve altında olanların öz-etkililik puan ortalamaları arasında fark bulunmadı. Sonuç: Aşırı kilolu / obez olanlar, vücut ağırlığından memnun olmayanlar, diyet yapanlar ve stres durumunda beslenmesinin etkileneceğini belirten öğrenciler yeme bozuklukları açısından riskli bulundu

Civil society, Islam and democracy in Turkey: a study of three Islamic non-governmental organizations

The following article studies three Islamic non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Turkey and evaluates them in terms of their contributions to the process of democratization in that country. There is not a necessarily positive correlation between civil society and democratization. As A. R. Norton said in the introduction of the book that he edited entitled Civil Society in the Middle East ; “Societies do not take two tablets of civil society at bedtime and wake up the next morning undergoing democratization.” 1 Indeed, some elements of civil society seem to pull them towards authoritarian practices. In spite of the fact that civil society has come to be viewed by most political theorists as the sine qua non of democracy, especially in the aftermath of the 1989 collapse of the communist regimes in Eastern Europe, there are also those who warn against the abuse of this popular concept. The relationship of the concepts of civil society and democracy with Islam is even more complex. While some approaches bluntly declare the incompatibility of Islam with the other two phenomena, others caution against the overgeneralization of Islamic movements and attract attention to differences among them. Hence, while some Islamic organizations display closed, absolutist and authoritarian tendencies, others point to the possibility of a convergence among civil society, Islam and democracy. In the first part of the following text, some of the theoretical debates on the relationship between civil society, Islam, and democracy will be portrayed. In the second part, the agendas and views of the three Islamic NGOs in Turkey will be studied. The overall purpose of this article is to show how an analysis of the Islamic NGOs which display different characteristics can pave the way to a reassessment of the literature that focuses on the dynamics of civil society, Islam, and democracy

Outcomes of high-risk breast lesions diagnosed using image-guided core needle biopsy: results from a multicenter retrospective study

PURPOSEThe clinical management of high-risk lesions using image-guided biopsy is challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the rates at which such lesions were upgraded to malignancy and identify possible predictive factors for upgrading high-risk lesions.METHODSThis retrospective multicenter analysis included 1.343 patients diagnosed with high-risk lesions using an image-guided core needle or vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB). Only patients managed using an excisional biopsy or with at least one year of documented radiological follow-up were included. For each, the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category, number of samples, needle thickness, and lesion size were correlated with malignancy upgrade rates in different histologic subtypes. Pearson’s chi-squared test, the Fisher–Freeman–Halton test, and Fisher’s exact test were used for the statistical analyses.RESULTSThe overall upgrade rate was 20.6%, with the highest rates in the subtypes of intraductal papilloma (IP) with atypia (44.7%; 55/123), followed by atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) (38.4%; 144/375), lobular neoplasia (LN) (12.7%; 7/55), papilloma without atypia (9.4%; 58/611), flat epithelial atypia (FEA) (8.7%; 10/114), and radial scars (RSs) (4.6%; 3/65). There was a significant relationship between the upgrade rate and BI-RADS category, number of samples, and lesion size Lesion size was the most predictive factor for an upgrade in all subtypes.CONCLUSIONADH and atypical IP showed considerable upgrade rates to malignancy, requiring surgical excision. The LN, IP without atypia, pure FEA, and RS subtypes showed lower malignancy rates when the BI-RADS category was lower and in smaller lesions that had been adequately sampled using VAB. After being discussed in a multidisciplinary meeting, these cases could be managed with follow-up instead of excision

What stories does Europe tell: a view from Turkey

Turkey’s omnipresence at the margins of Europe throughout history has given shape to both Turkish and European identities. This paper sheds light onto this relationship by endeavoring to go beyond the much studied institutional relationship between Turkey and the European Union (EU). It focuses on three critical historical moments, namely the interwar years, the years of labor migration after 1960, and the period after 2004 which began with the failure of the United Nations proposal to settle the Cyprus dispute. While the image of the Turk was long viewed as the nemesis of Europe, there was a change in mutual perceptions during the inter-war years thanks to the efforts of political leaders who were keen on initiating societal reforms and change their minds after listening to one another. The years of labor migration after 1960 had set the stage for mutual encounters and interwoven lives. This period diversified the stories of Europe in a dramatic way. The third critical moment involved the concomitant crises of Turkey and the EU after 2004 when Turkey’s membership in the EU finally seemed probable

What stories does Europe tell? A view from Turkey

Turkey’s omnipresence at the margins of Europe throughout history has given shape to both Turkish and European identities. This paper sheds light onto this relationship by endeavoring to go beyond the much studied institutional relationship between Turkey and the European Union (EU). It focuses on three critical historical moments, namely the interwar years, the years of labor migration after 1960, and the period after 2004 which began with the failure of the United Nations proposal to settle the Cyprus dispute. While the image of the Turk was long viewed as the nemesis of Europe, there was a change in mutual perceptions during the inter-war years thanks to the efforts of political leaders who were keen on initiating societal reforms and change their minds after listening to one another. The years of labor migration after 1960 had set the stage for mutual encounters and interwoven lives. This period diversified the stories of Europe in a dramatic way. The third critical moment involved the concomitant crises of Turkey and the EU after 2004 when Turkey’s membership in the EU finally seemed probable